![]() The severity of any dorsal skinfold chamber experiment is considered at least moderate. Weight and skin stretching may lead to restricted breathing, immobilization, and pain. The weight matches up to 20% of the mouse's body weight (20–30 g). The titanium dorsal skinfold chamber is 4 cm long, 3 cm high, and weighs 3.8 g. The major limitation of the model is the physical burden of the chamber, which leads to animal immobilization and distress. Finally, screws are punched through the dorsal skinfold to connect the second frame of the chamber and the observation window is filled with saline followed by sealing with a coverslip. Then, microsurgery exposes the vessels of the opposite panniculus carnosus muscle. The skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the striated panniculus carnosus muscle on one side of the dorsal skinfold are removed. During chamber implantation, the first frame is sutured to one side of the dorsal skinfold. The standard chamber comprises two titanium frames fixing the extended dorsal skin in the back's midline. The skinfold chamber on the back of the laboratory animal ensures optimal conditions for repetitive intravital microscopy 17. Repetitive intravital microscopy without repetitive surgery requires the continuous exposition of the prepared vascular bed. Chambers made of PEEK are particularly suitable for this purpose: They are autoclavable, sufficiently stable to withstand rodent bites, inexpensive, and widely available through 3D printing. In summary, we have shown that light chambers reduce animal distress and may extend the maximum dorsal skinfold chamber observation time. The distress score was significantly increased in both groups after chamber preparation, but only returned to preoperative values in mice with PEEK chambers. Chamber tilting and tilting-related complications were reduced in mice with PEEK chambers. In the early postoperative phase, reduced body weight and increased faecal corticosterone metabolites were found in mice with titanium chambers. Data was obtained before chamber preparation and over a postoperative period of three weeks. Body weight, burrowing activity, distress, faecal corticosterone metabolites and the tilting angle of the chambers were analysed in mice carrying either a standard titanium chamber or a PEEK chamber. This study aimed to refine this model by introducing a new lightweight chamber made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The second one is the class of stream to be wrapped.The dorsal skinfold chamber is one of the most important in vivo models for repetitive longitudinal assessment of microcirculation and inflammation. The first one is a Encoding class, such as UTF8, UTF16LE, defined in rapidjson/encodings.h. For example, you may have a file in memory, or a custom byte stream, be wrapped in encoded streams.ĮncodedInputStream has two template parameters. Note that, these encoded streams can be applied to streams other than file. These streams are defined in rapidjson/encodedstream.h. If the stream can be UTF-8, UTF-16LE, UTF-16BE, UTF-32LE, UTF-32BE JSON, and it is only known in runtime, you may use AutoUTFInputStream and AutoUTFOutputStream. If the encoding of stream is known during compile-time, you may use EncodedInputStream and EncodedOutputStream. ![]() When writing to a byte stream, it can optionally write BOM. When reading from a byte stream, it is needed to detect or just consume the BOM if exists. wchar_t for UTF-16) while reading, and characters into bytes while writing.īesides, it also need to handle byte order mark (BOM). To handle endian correctly, it needs to convert bytes into characters (e.g. However, UTF-16 and UTF-32 have endian issue. ![]() For classes derived from std::wostream, use WOStreamWrapper.Įncoded streams do not contain JSON itself, but they wrap byte streams to provide basic encoding/decoding function.Īs mentioned above, UTF-8 byte streams can be read directly.
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